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設備簡介Equipment Introduction

?閃蒸干燥機是發展快、應用廣泛的干燥機型，在國內也稱旋流干燥機或旋轉快速干燥機。閃蒸干燥機有機地結合了流化、旋流、噴動、粉碎、分級技術、是流化技術、旋流技術、噴動技術及對流傳熱技術的優化組合，設備的技術含量高，適用于膏糊狀、顆粒狀、濾餅狀及泥漿狀物料的干燥。閃蒸干燥機具有熱效率高、干燥時間短、節能效果好等優點。對膏糊狀物料可直接干燥制成粉狀干燥產品，節省了干燥前預處理，干燥后粉碎、篩分等工序。由于干燥速度快，物料受熱時間短，不易破壞干燥物料的組分，特別有利于對熱敏性物料的干燥。干燥過程全封閉，無雜質混入，成品質量高，操作環境好。目前，閃蒸干燥機已根據不同的物料設計出了多種機型，并形成了系列產品，在化工、制藥、輕工、食品、礦業等行業的應用越來越廣泛。

Flash dryer is a rapidly developing and widely used drying machine, also known as cyclone dryer or rotary rapid dryer in China. The flash dryer organically combines fluidization, swirling flow, jetting, crushing, and classification technologies, and is an optimized combination of fluidization technology, swirling flow technology, jetting technology, and convective heat transfer technology. The equipment has high technical content and is suitable for drying paste, granular, filter cake, and mud like materials. Flash dryer has advantages such as high thermal efficiency, short drying time, and good energy-saving effect. The paste like materials can be directly dried to produce powdered dry products, saving pre-treatment before drying, crushing, screening and other processes after drying. Due to the fast drying speed and short heating time of the materials, it is not easy to damage the components of the dried materials, which is particularly beneficial for drying thermosensitive materials. The drying process is fully enclosed, with no impurities mixed in, resulting in high product quality and a good operating environment. At present, flash drying machines have been designed with various models based on different materials and have formed a series of products, which are increasingly widely used in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, light industry, food, and mining.

工作原理operational principle

? 經換熱器加熱后的潔凈空氣被鼓入進風口，以適宜的速度旋入干燥室底部的環隙，然后按切線方向進入干燥室，并呈螺旋狀上升：同時，物料則由可無級調速的加料器定量加入塔內。在干燥塔內，物料與熱空氣進行充分、高效的質熱變換，被干燥的粉狀物料隨同熱風一起輸送至分離器，其中成品收集包裝，而尾氣則進一步經除塵裝置處理后排空。

After being heated by the heat exchanger, clean air is blown into the air inlet and rotated at an appropriate speed into the annular gap at the bottom of the drying room. Then, it enters the drying room in a tangential direction and rises in a spiral shape. At the same time, the material is quantitatively added to the tower by a continuously adjustable feeder. In the drying tower, the material undergoes sufficient and efficient mass heat transformation with hot air. The dried powdered material is transported to the separator along with the hot air, where the finished product is collected and packaged, and the exhaust gas is further treated by the dust removal device before being discharged. 
?在干燥塔底部裝有蝸殼式空氣分配器和攪拌器，攪拌器的轉速通過調節外部電機的轉速進行無級調速。攪拌器有兩個作用：它可以帶動從分配室進入干燥室的熱空氣產生高速旋轉的氣流，進而形成穩定的流化床層，避免了由于局部粘堵而產生的噴動竄涌等不穩定流態化;其次，由于攪拌器上的多組刀片高速旋轉，對大塊物料不斷粉碎，使外干內濕的顆粒不斷包裹、剝離、搓碎，表面不斷更新，增大了換熱面積，從而強化了質、熱交換,提高了干燥速率。另外，攪拌器上的刀片與干燥塔器壁間隙極小，及時清理掉粘結在壁上的物料，以防止物料長期停留而變性。為確保物料不變性分解，塔壁內設有冷卻夾套，對于熱敏性物科可百分之百保證質量。蝸殼式的空氣分布器，使切向進入的熱空氣均勻的通過底部環隙呈螺旋形上升，合理的環隙風速保證了物料良好的流化干燥。

At the bottom of the drying tower, a volute type air distributor and agitator are installed, and the speed of the agitator is continuously adjusted by adjusting the speed of the external motor. The agitator has two functions: it can drive the hot air entering the drying room from the distribution room to generate a high-speed rotating airflow, thereby forming a stable fluidized bed layer, avoiding unstable fluidization such as jetting and surging caused by local blockage; Secondly, due to the high-speed rotation of multiple sets of blades on the agitator, large pieces of material are continuously crushed, causing particles that are dry on the outside and wet on the inside to constantly wrap, peel off, and crush. The surface is constantly updated, increasing the heat exchange area, thereby strengthening mass and heat exchange and improving the drying rate. In addition, the gap between the blades on the mixer and the wall of the drying tower is extremely small. It is necessary to promptly clean the materials that are stuck to the wall to prevent the materials from staying and denaturing for a long time. To ensure the invariance and decomposition of materials, a cooling jacket is installed inside the tower wall, which can guarantee 100% quality for thermosensitive materials. The snail shaped air distributor ensures that the tangential hot air uniformly rises in a spiral shape through the bottom annular gap, and the reasonable annular gap wind speed ensures good fluidization and drying of the material.
?在干燥塔中部，無級調速的定量加料器不斷把物料加入。同時，物料被底部的攪拌器粉碎后又被高速旋轉的熱風吹起，在干燥室形成了一種相對穩定的流化層。物料與熱空氣之間進行著迅速而充分的熱量和水份交換，大部分的水份蒸發在這一過程中完成。含水率高，比表面小的物料粒子由于其重力大于浮力，在干燥室中沉降，在下沉過程中不斷干燥，運動到底部時經刀片的破碎和高速氣流的沖擊，得到進一步粉碎和干燥，此時其重力小于浮力，粒子開始上升運動。 

In the middle of the drying tower, the continuously variable speed quantitative feeder continuously adds materials. At the same time, the material is crushed by the mixer at the bottom and then blown up by high-speed rotating hot air, forming a relatively stable fluidized layer in the drying chamber. There is a rapid and sufficient exchange of heat and water between materials and hot air, and most of the water evaporation is completed during this process. Material particles with high moisture content and smaller surface area settle in the drying chamber due to their gravity being greater than buoyancy. During the sinking process, they continuously dry and move to the bottom, where they are further crushed and dried by the impact of the blade and high-speed airflow. At this point, their gravity is less than buoyancy, and the particles begin to rise.
?在干燥室上部，設有環狀的擋板，即分級器。物料隨旋轉氣流夾帶上升，由于受離心力作用，大塊的，未達到水份要求的(即比重較大)物料受離心力作用，其旋轉半徑增大，當其旋轉半徑大于分級器的半徑時，被擋在干燥室內進一步干燥粉碎，直至滿足要求方才溢出。較細的粉碎體在干燥室中部干燥后隨氣流夾帶上升，由于其粒徑較小且達到水份要求(即比重較小)，離心力相對較小，其旋轉半徑小于分級器半徑，然后就隨氣流排出，送至收集裝置

In the upper part of the drying room, there is a circular baffle, namely a classifier. The material rises with the entrainment of the rotating airflow. Due to the centrifugal force, large blocks of material that do not meet the water content requirements (i.e. have a higher specific gravity) are subjected to centrifugal force, and their rotation radius increases. When their rotation radius is greater than the radius of the classifier, they are blocked in the drying chamber for further drying and crushing until they meet the requirements before overflowing. After drying in the middle of the drying room, the finer crushing material rises with the airflow. Due to its smaller particle size and meeting the water content requirements (i.e., smaller specific gravity), the centrifugal force is relatively small, and its rotation radius is smaller than the classifier radius. It is then discharged with the airflow and sent to the collection device

設備結構Equipment structure

1、干燥室底部設置內錐體結構，使干燥器氣體流通截面積自下而上不斷交大，底部氣速相對較大，上部氣 >速相對較小，從而保證了下部的大顆粒處于流化狀態的同時，上部的小顆粒也處于流化狀態。內錐體結構還縮短了攪拌軸懸臂部分的長度，從而增加了運轉的可靠性。另外，這一結構可以有效防止軸承在高溫區工作的惡劣狀態，從而延長了軸承的使用壽命。 
2、攪拌齒上設置刮板。物料在被攪抖齒旋轉粉碎的同時，又被拋向器壁，粘在壁面上，如果不及時將粘在 器壁上的物料刮下，則會出現嚴重“結疤“現象，導致不能正常操作。攪拌齒上安裝刮板，可以保證在物料與器壁粘結牢固前，將其剝落。 
3、干燥室頂部設置分級環。其作用主要是將顆粒較大、還沒有干燥的物料分離擋下，繼續進行干燥，從而 保證滿足產品粒度分布窄、濕含量均勻一致的要求。 
4、錐底熱風入口處設置冷卻夾套。熱風開始與物料接觸處，溫度很高，一般接近熱空氣的溫度，遠遠高于 床層中的溫度，操作中難免出現少部分物料在環隙附近粘結，停留時間過長，從而導致物料變質，甚至產生熔化，為避免這一現象， 增設局部夾套，可以降低該處器壁的溫度，使操作得以順利進行。
由于閃蒸干燥機以上結構特點，使其性能較其它干燥機存在以下優點：
1、干燥強度高。由于物科受離心、剪切、碰撞、磨擦而被微粒化，呈高分散狀態，氣固兩相間的相對速度較大，強化了傳質、傳熱。 
2、適宜于熱敏性物料。干燥機底部高溫區氣速高、物料很難與熱表面直接接觸；另外附有冷卻夾套、攪拌 齒配有利板這一切解決了物料粘壁、焦化之忱。 
3、工藝簡化。與運用其它類型的干燥機相比，用閃蒸干燥機干燥膏糊狀、泥漿狀、濾餅等物料可以一次干 燥成均勻的粉狀產品，省去了粉碎、篩分等工序。 
4、有效控制終水份和細度。進料及熱風溫度的調節及分級器的協調統一，對終水份和成品粒度能夠充分控 制，從而保證了產品的濕含量及細度均勻。

1. An inner cone structure is installed at the bottom of the drying chamber to continuously increase the cross-sectional area of gas flow in the dryer from bottom to top. The gas velocity at the bottom is relatively high, while the gas velocity at the top is relatively small, ensuring that the large particles at the bottom are in a fluidized state while the small particles at the top are also in a fluidized state. The inner cone structure also shortens the length of the cantilever part of the mixing shaft, thereby increasing the reliability of operation. In addition, this structure can effectively prevent the bearing from working in harsh conditions in high-temperature areas, thereby extending the service life of the bearing.

2. Set a scraper on the mixing teeth. When the material is rotated and crushed by the stirring teeth, it is also thrown towards the wall and stuck to the wall surface. If the material stuck to the wall is not scraped off in time, serious scarring will occur, leading to abnormal operation. Installing a scraper on the stirring teeth can ensure that the material is peeled off before it is firmly bonded to the wall

3. A grading ring is installed at the top of the drying room. Its main function is to separate and block materials with larger particles that have not yet dried, and continue drying to ensure that the product meets the requirements of narrow particle size distribution and uniform moisture content.

4. Install a cooling jacket at the inlet of the hot air at the bottom of the cone. At the point where the hot air comes into contact with the material, the temperature is very high, generally close to the temperature of the hot air, much higher than the temperature in the bed layer. During operation, it is inevitable that a small amount of material will bond near the annular gap, stay for too long, and cause the material to deteriorate or even melt. To avoid this phenomenon, a local jacket is added to reduce the temperature of the wall at this location, allowing the operation to proceed smoothly.

Due to the structural characteristics mentioned above, the flash dryer has the following advantages in performance compared to other dryers:

1. High drying intensity. Due to the effects of centrifugation, shear, collision, and friction, the material science is micronized and presented in a highly dispersed state. The relative velocity between the gas and solid phases is relatively high, which enhances mass and heat transfer.

2. Suitable for heat sensitive materials. The high temperature zone at the bottom of the dryer has high gas velocity, making it difficult for materials to directly contact the hot surface; In addition, it is equipped with a cooling jacket, mixing teeth, and a favorable plate, which solves the problem of material adhesion and coking.

3. Process simplification. Compared with other types of dryers, using a flash dryer to dry paste, mud, filter cake, and other materials can be dried into uniform powder products in one go, eliminating the need for crushing, screening, and other processes.

4. Effectively control final moisture and fineness. The adjustment of feed and hot air temperature, as well as the coordination and unity of the classifier, can fully control the final moisture content and finished product particle size, thereby ensuring the uniform moisture content and fineness of the product.

結構示意圖Structure diagram

設備特點Equipment characteristics

l 旋流、流化、噴動及粉碎分級技術的有機結合。

l 設備緊湊，體積小，生產效率高，連續生產，實現了"小設備，大生產"。

l 干燥強度大，能耗低，熱效率高。

l 物料停留時間短，成品質量好，可用于熱敏性物料干燥。

l 負壓或微負壓操作，密閉性好，效率高，消除環境污染。

l The organic combination of swirl, fluidization, jetting, and crushing classification technologies.

l Compact equipment, small size, high production efficiency, continuous production, achieving "small equipment, large production".

l High drying intensity, low energy consumption, and high thermal efficiency.

l The material has a short residence time, good product quality, and can be used for drying thermosensitive materials.

l Negative pressure or micro negative pressure operation, good sealing, high efficiency, and elimination of environmental pollution.

技術參數表Technical parameter table

應用范圍Application scope

無機物：硼砂、碳酸鈣、氫氧化物、硫酸銅、氧化鐵、碳酸鋇、硫酸鎂、三氧化銻、各種重金屬鹽、合成冰晶石，碳酸鎂、氧化鋁、氫氧化鋁、白炭黑等
有機物：阿特拉津（農藥殺蟲劑）、月桂酸隔、苯甲酸、安息香酸、殺菌丹、草酸鈉、醋酸纖維素等；
陶瓷：高嶺土、三氧化硅、粘土等；
染料類：蒽醌、黑色氧化鐵、靛藍顏料、丁酸、氫氧化鈦、硫化鋅、各種偶氮染料中間體。
食品類：大豆蛋白求恩、膠疑淀粉、酒糟、小麥糖、小麥淀粉等。
農藥、工業廢料等等…

Inorganic substances: borax, calcium carbonate, hydroxide, copper sulfate, iron oxide, barium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, antimony trioxide, various heavy metal salts, synthetic cryolite, magnesium carbonate, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black, etc

Organic compounds: atrazine (pesticide insecticide), lauric acid, benzoic acid, benzoic acid, fungicide, sodium oxalate, cellulose acetate, etc;

Ceramics: kaolin, silica, clay, etc;

Dyes: anthraquinone, black iron oxide, indigo pigment, butyric acid, titanium hydroxide, zinc sulfide, various intermediate azo dyes.

Food category: Soy protein, gelatinous starch, distiller's grains, wheat sugar, wheat starch, etc.

Pesticides, industrial waste, and so on

應用實例Application instance